Fentanyl has gained an ill reputation in recent years because of its high potency and potential for addiction. Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that is up to 50 times stronger than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine.
Because of the drug’s high potency, it has led to its illicit use, contributing to a significant rise in addiction and overdose cases globally. It was also reported that more than 150 people die every day from synthetic opioid overdose.
Fentanyl, classified as a Schedule II controlled substance, exerts its potent analgesic effects by binding to opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord. This binding action alters the perception of pain, offering relief to individuals suffering from intense discomfort from various medical conditions or surgical procedures.
Upon administration, fentanyl swiftly crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it binds to opioid receptors, predominantly the mu-opioid receptors. This interaction inhibits the transmission of pain signals, resulting in pain relief. The speed at which fentanyl takes effect depends on multiple factors, including the route of administration and individual variations.
Common side effects of fentanyl use include drowsiness, confusion, nausea, constipation, and respiratory depression. Some people can also experience confusion or cognitive impairment, particularly at higher doses.
Prolonged use of fentanyl can lead to tolerance, where higher doses are required to achieve the same level of pain relief. Like other opioids, fentanyl carries a risk of dependency and addiction, especially with long-term or inappropriate use. It’s essential to use fentanyl only as prescribed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
In addition, users may also experience fentanyl withdrawal symptoms after abrupt discontinuation of the drug. Common withdrawal symptoms of fentanyl use include physical and mental health symptoms like:
The onset time of fentanyl varies depending on several factors, including the route of administration and the specific formulation of the drug. Here is a general overview:
People with a history of opioid use, particularly those with opioid tolerance, may experience altered onset times. Tolerance can diminish the efficacy of fentanyl, needing higher doses to achieve the desired analgesic effect.
Factors such as age, weight, overall health, and genetic makeup can also influence the duration and intensity of its effects. Higher doses of the drug may also lead to a more rapid onset time. However, it also increases the risk of adverse effects of fentanyl on the body.
Aside from the intended pain-relieving effects, fentanyl use can lead to several adverse outcomes, including substance use disorders, respiratory depression, hallucinations, seizures, and fentanyl overdose.
Recognizing the signs of a fentanyl overdose is crucial for prompt intervention and potentially saving lives. Common signs and symptoms of a fentanyl overdose include:
Slow or shallow breathing
Extreme drowsiness
Pinpoint pupils
Cold and clammy skin
Bluish lips and fingernails
Weak pulse
Confusion
Nausea and vomiting
Seizures
It’s important to note that not all these signs may be present in every case of fentanyl overdose, and the severity of symptoms can vary. If you suspect someone has overdosed on fentanyl or any other opioid, call 911 immediately and seek medical attention. Stay with the person and if available, administer naloxone. Naloxone is an opioid agonist that reverses the effects of overdose and can prevent overdose death.
In medical settings, doctors and healthcare professionals commonly use fentanyl for pain management. Its popularity among healthcare providers stems from its effectiveness in treating severe pain and its diverse range of formulations. This allows flexible dosing and administration for patients.
The popularity of fentanyl stems from its potency and availability in the illicit drug market. Its high potency means that smaller quantities can produce significant effects, making it appealing to both users and traffickers.
Fentanyl and its analogs are also relatively easy to manufacture. The raw materials may be cheaper and more readily available compared to other opioids. This has contributed to its widespread availability on the illicit market.
In comparison to other opioids like morphine, fentanyl offers distinct advantages in potency and duration of action. However, it also carries a higher risk of overdose and dependence, highlighting the need for careful consideration and monitoring by healthcare providers.
For those affected by addiction, fentanyl detox serves as the initial step of addiction treatment. Detoxification from fentanyl should be conducted under medical supervision to manage opioid withdrawal symptoms safely. Treatment may involve tapering off the drug gradually, medication-assisted treatment, counseling, and support groups to address both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction.
Our treatment facilities in Scottsdale, Arizona, offer comprehensive treatment plans including detox programs tailored to suit each person’s needs. Our addiction specialists can also guide and facilitate a safe transition from detox to rehab.
Let’s work towards a healthier, drug-free life. Reach out to our team today.
